Deferred tax can relate to a positive or negative asset and the entry can be found on a balance sheet. This entry refers to the tax that has been overpaid or is owed due to a few differences. The positive entry is considered asset and negative entry is liability. Deferred Tax Asset Over payment or advance payment of tax by a business in a period is marked on the balance sheet as a deferred tax asset. It shows that the company is entitled to a small tax break the next time they file their taxes. Paying in advance, creating tax assets helps a business that is looking to decrease the tax liability in the next period. Deferred Tax Liability On the other hand, Deferred tax liability occurs when a company’s estimated tax using income for a specific accounting period’s accounts is different to the taxable amount that is found on their tax return. In this case, a liability is entered on the balance sheet. This is where the amount that has been entered onto the balance sheet has to be paid in the future. Does it affect Cash flow? Deferred tax assets and liabilities can have a strong impact on cash flow. An increase in deferred tax liability or decrease in deferred tax assets is a source of cash. Likewise, a decrease in liability or an increase in deferred asset is a use of cash. Analyzing the change in deferred tax balances is important as it helps to understand which direction are the balances moving towards i.e. will the balances continue to grow in same direction or is there a likelihood of reversal in near future? Temporary Differences An important concept to be kept in mind in relation to deferred tax is temporary taxable differences. This occurs when a business has an asset with a liability value that does not match with the current taxable value of the asset. This happens when the accounting approach and tax laws differ in how the depreciation of an asset is handled. These temporary differences can impact on a financial account because they mean that income and expenses appear within one accounting period, but the tax is payable in a different accounting period. A taxable difference can be either taxable or deductible. Example to understand the deferred corporation tax: To understand the concept of deferred tax let’s consider an example. Your business generates £10,000 in profit per year. In the first year you purchase a laptop that costs £1,000 and the life of your laptop is 4 years, that is, after 4 years your laptop will be worthless. Hence, the depreciation for laptop would be calculated to be £250 per year. Now, let’s consider your profits to stay at exactly £10,000 for all the following years (5 years). Now, according to capital allowance rules, you can deduct the full £1,000 from your profit of £10,000 taxable profits in year one and hence will pay tax on a profit of £9,000 (rather being on the accounting treatment in year one to five and paying tax on a profit of £10,000-£250 = £9,750). Overall, the same amount is claimed and across the five years the same tax will be paid.

Insolvency is the state of being unable to pay the money owed, on time, when a business doesn’t have sufficient funds to meet its financial obligations it can become insolvent. A business having liabilities greater than its assets can be facing risk of insolvency. The insolvency of a business is a stressful situation for the company’s directors and staff members. There are two types of insolvencies; cash-flow insolvency and balance-sheet insolvency. Cash-flow insolvency is when a company has enough assets to pay the owed money, but it does not have the appropriate form of liquid payment e.g. cash. Balance-sheet insolvency, on the other hand, is when a company does not have enough assets to pay all of its debts. Consequences of Insolvency For Limited Companies For limited companies or limited liability partnerships known as “LLP’s”, the consequences of insolvency will mean that the business will go into liquidation and stop trading or go into administration and be sold. For Sole Traders For sole traders or partnerships, the business owners are liable for the debts and their personal assets are at risk of being sold to repay their debts. In some cases, for bankrupted business owners, there is a possibility to face BRO’s which are Bankruptcy Restriction Orders. This happens if the business owners have misbehaved in their business running history and is investigated and taken in action by Insolvency Service. Steps that can be taken to avoid insolvency For the business directors it is better to realize and identify the insolvency situation as soon as possible. Soft consequences and hard consequences both are of the same seriousness for both directors and the company’s viability. Here are some suggestions which, in our opinion, may be helpful for you to avoid this stress. First of all, you should identify the problem as soon as possible, so that further actions can be taken. This could be made possible only by knowing the symptoms of insolvency and having an eye on such symptoms Keep an eye on your cash flows , keeping on top of cash flow forecasting and budgeting on regular basis At the very early stage, arrange a conversation with the relevant creditors, whom you owe debts Try to get an extension in the debt repayment agreements. You can also alter this agreement after having a conversation with the creditor. These steps may give your business a space to get settled and stable financially In such a state, do not allow the company to incur further debt and do not continue to trade You can bounce back your business by seeking immediate help from a licensed insolvency practitioner. This will help you give many solutions and finance options for the recovery of your business which would be appropriate and available according to the situation. This will also give suggestions about how to increase your cash flow which will in return increase your assets and stability of the business Need help with reviewing your cash flow or budgeting? G et in touch with us for a no obligation assessment call.

UK Government Announces an Offer of 100% Guarantees on “Bounce Back Loans” The Chancellor Rishi Sunak, on Monday 27th April, has announced an offer of 100 per cent guarantees on “bounce back loans” of up to £50,000 for the smallest businesses affected by the coronavirus outbreak. “This is addition to business grants, tax deferrals, and the job retention scheme, which are already helping to support hundreds of thousands of small businesses.” This new micro-loan scheme is designed to help small businesses struggling to access credit during the current lockdown. The scheme would be providing a simple, quick and easy solution for those who are in need of smaller loans. These loans would cover 25% of a business’s turnover up to £50,000 Government is guaranteeing 100% of the loan which will be interest free for first 12 months The scheme allows businesses to borrow between £2,000 and £50,000 The scheme has been designed to ensure that small firms who need vital cash injections to keep operating can get finance in a matter of days The loans will be available from 9am 4th May and payments would be made within 24 hours of approval, with “no complex eligibility criteria” Applicants will not face a viability test but some fraud checks will have to be completed Small companies will be able to apply through an online

In this age of advanced technology and in an era of commotion, it’s everyone’s top most priority to use the most developed tools and technological facilities. It is important for businesses is to keep proper and secure records of all accounting data and information which can be achieved by the help of a software which is reliable, up to date, time saving and can prevent any trouble in the future. Cloud Accounting Software can solve all of troubles and complications coming in the way of keeping a smooth and easily accessible record of accounting data. This software is hosted on a remote server. This uses internet to access the accounting records and information. Hence in cloud accounting software you don’t need to store your data in your computer i.e. your computer’s hard drive. Also, this is not based on your local server. The data which is stored in the cloud can be easily accessed as and when required by signing in using your login and password. Your accounting data this way stays safe, secure and private. In simple terms it can be called online accounting. Key accounting features of cloud accounting software  Easy management of intercompany transactions  Easy creation of management reports in Excel  Smart search, filters and drill-down features to slice and dice data  Submission of tax returns digitally  Easy accessibility to Microsoft Outlook  Manage account records with an audit trail  Multi-currency accounting and automated rate conversion  Multi-dimensional ledgers Cloud accounting software versus traditional accounting software Here is a comparison between cloud accounting software and traditional software, through this would easily be recognized the benefits and advantages of cloud accounting software • Whilst using traditional software, you need a proper working place with a complete set up of computer and all the required gadgets. Also, for this purpose you need to stay at your office throughout the working hours. Cloud accounting software, however, doesn’t require this, you can work outside your office or wherever you are sitting as all records can be accessed remotely. • This is quite an obvious fact that doing any type of work manually requires more time, efforts and energy. In traditional software we have to do most of our work manually which wastes times as well as working potential. Cloud accounting software on the other hand gains information online as in the cloud accounting software you get access to HM revenue and Customs service, internet banking and any other relating area. • Whenever working through a computer, there is always a possibility of your computer or any other tool you are using, to get damaged, lost or even stole. While using cloud accounting software, you can do your accounting work confidently without having any fear that your device would get damaged or lost. In case, anything like this happens to your computer or device you are using, you don’t need to be stressed because all your accounting data and information is safe and secure in cloud. • Cloud accounting software doesn’t require purchasing any type of servers, tools or gadgets which may be your need while using traditional software because cloud accounting system use internet for the working. This in return saves money invested on these tools as well. • While using cloud accounting software many users can enter the system at the same time and work together regardless of their sitting areas. Traditional software, on the other hand, might not provide this type of facility and hence a limited number of people and users can work at a time. • Transfer of information is also very easy while using cloud accounting software. Traditional software uses hard disc or emails, which sometimes make your work complicated. Using cloud accounting software, you can also get rid of such complications. If you are looking to be setup on cloud accounting software or need more information why not have a no-obligation chat with us with us, we specialize in cloud accounting software such as QuickBooks, Xero, Sage and Kashflow.

In the same way as new year’s resolutions of healthy eating and starting gym are needed at the start of calendar year, New tax year is the best time to get your business in shape by setting targets and goals for the year ahead. This tax year commencing on 6th April 2020 is not like any other new tax year with so much going on with the country being on lockdown and the Covid-19 situation but at the same time this is the best time for business owners and executives to think and adapt practices which could improve their business’s financial and operational health during tax year 2020/21 Here are some suggestions which we consider to be helpful for this new tax year, Claim all your expenses Having clear understanding of allowable business expenses i.e. expenses you can claim and those you can’t claim will help you lower down your reported profit. This will reduce the amount of tax you pay and will ultimately maintain your cashflows and will keep your business running. Paying expenses own pocket disrupts your cashflow hence it is important that you keep record and claim all allowable expenses. There is a wide range of expenses you can claim some of which are, Office equipment Software Stationary Stamps Computers Business mileage Working from home Work uniform (as long as it carries the company logo, clothing for personal use cannot be claimed, and general business attire cannot be claimed as a uniform expense.) Protective work clothing (e.g. eye goggles, if it’s a business necessity) Some forms of travel (e.g. journeys that are made for work purposes outside of your normal commute) If you are not sure what expenses you are entitled to and what not, you can also consult us for a better assistance and guideline. Improve your tax efficiency Being an owner of your small business, you must have to be adaptive to the tax changes as every year new tax policy gets released by the government. This tax year, however, no major changes in tax legislation have been announced for the next 12 months. So, our wise piece of advice for the small business owners, at this stage would be to get accustomed to some of the tax rates so you’re prepared for all eventualities. To improve your tax proficiency, make sure that you are taking the most tax efficient combination of salary and dividends. With Covid-19 outbreak and lockdown things are a lot different this year, governments help for businesses in these difficult times can be found here Get ahead of your tax deadlines Meeting tax deadlines must be a priority for every business. Our advice, however, is to do your self-assessment tax return early. You shouldn’t wait for the deadline to come and file your tax return then. This will in turn help you lessen your work load. Here are some of the tax deadlines for the owners of the limited companies as well as Sole Traders, but ideally you shouldn’t wait for these tax deadlines and do your tax returns as early as its possible. Some of the key tax deadline are as follows, Submit P11D form by 6th July Pay second self-assessment tax instalment by 31st July Submit your VAT return one calendar month and seven days after the end of the VAT period Self Assesment Returns; 31st October for paper returns and 31st January for Online returns Keep yourself updated and make yourself organized while keeping your records In order to succeed as a business, it is important to stay up-to-date, organized, keep record of your payments and receipts whilst keeping your books simple and clean. The start of this new tax year is a feasible time for you to reorganize and manage all your company’s records. Use effective and updated software to keep all your accounting records. In this age, there is a choice of various softwares which can store all your records and business documents without breaking the bank. These softwares can also help you with planning by providing useful financial and operational information whilst saving time and admin expenses. Consult an Accountancy Professional Getting an accountant can help ease stress, your accountant will help you in preparing and filing your accounts along with tax returns before the deadlines, keep your books clean, provide assistance on claiming allowable expenses, provide you important strategic and financial information, deal with HMRC on your behalf and will also keep record of your revenues and expenses. Looking or an accountancy professional you can rely on without breaking your bank? Get in touch with us as we have packages for every budget and would would be pleased to cater your needs.

Initially announced Corona-virus wage subsidies by the government for the employees didn’t cover self-employed and directors which raised a lot of criticism but finally the long-awaited good news for the country’s 5 million self-employed workers has been announced, on Thursday 26th March. The employees were covered by the Coronavirus Job Retention Scheme (CJRS) and the self-employed now are covered by Coronavirus Self-Employed Income Support Scheme (CSISS). Key points of the scheme are, Self-employed who are eligible for the scheme will be paid 80% of their average income per month over the tax years 2016/17, 2017/18 and 2018/19 There is a cap of £2500 per month The financial support will not be available until mid-June Those who have setup as self-employed April 2019 shall not be considered under the scheme The scheme is open to the self-employed who were trading during last financial year, still are trading and also have a plan to continue The scheme will be open to those with a trading profit of less than £50,000 in 2018-19 or an average trading profit of less than £50,000 from 2016-17, 2017-18 and 2018-19 Self-employed workers on a low income and affected by the economic impacts of COVID-19 can access the full range of the welfare system, including Universal Credit Minimum Income Floor of Universal tax Credit will not be applied for Self-employed and universal credit should be paid within a few days Self-assessment payment due on account by 31 July 2020 can be deferred until January 2021 How to claim? People do not need to apply or contact HMRC HMRC will itself invite eligible self-employed workers to make applications by using the existing information The self-employed worker will confirm that they meet the eligibility requirements along with providing their bank details The grant will be paid straight into the bank account What about Directors owning Limited Company? Those who pay themselves a salary and dividends through their own company are not covered by the scheme but will have 80% of their salary covered by the Coronavirus Job Retention Scheme if operating through PAYE.

Coronavirus Business Interruption Loan (CBILS) Scheme launched by government and coordinated by the government owned British Business Bank, provides loans of up to £5m to help small and medium sized businesses across UK experiencing cashflow disruptions due to coronavirus. CBILS supports a wide range of business finance facilities as term loans, asset finance, overdrafts, invoice finance. The scheme is available through the 40 accredited lenders. List of accredited lenders can be found here, In order to be eligible for this facility, the loan must be for UK based business with annual turnover of no more than £45m. Businesses who want to use CBILS will need to be viable were it not for the current pandemic. Key features • The loan is provided to the maximum value of 5m pounds on repayment terms of up to 6 years • The government provides a guarantee on 80% of all money lent through the scheme encouraging lenders to accept those loans • Businesses using CBILS will receive a 12-month interest free holiday with government paying their interest charges and other fees • Short term finance facilities such as overdrafts and invoice finance facilities will be available for up to 3 years • Term loans and asset finance facilities will be available for up to 6 years • No guarantee fee for SMEs to access the scheme • Loans of up to 250,000 pounds may be unsecured at the discretion of the lender and any borrowing over this will require the lender to evidence no security is available before using CBILS • The borrowers are always 100% liable for the debt • Banks, building societies, Insurers and Reinsurers, state funded schools, trade unions and professional or employer based, religious or political organizations are not eligible for the scheme. In addition, Fishery, aquaculture and agricultural businesses may not qualify for full interest free and fee levy in the first 12 months How to Apply? Application for CBILS should be made directly with one of the lenders participating in the scheme and not the British Business Bank. The demand for these loans is likely to be high, so the British Business Bank has asked businesses to apply with lender’s online rather than going to a branch or calling.

UK Prime Minister, Boris Johnson announced UK lockdown on Monday 23/03/2020, People may only leave home to exercise once a day, travel to and from work when it is "absolutely necessary", shop for essential items and fulfil any medical or care needs. Shops selling non-essential goods have been told to shut and gatherings in public of more than two people who do not live together are prohibited. All public premises apart from Banks, Supermarkets food delivery and takeaway services, pharmacies, Petrol stations, garages and car rental businesses, Bicycle shops, Home and hardware shops, Launderettes and dry cleaners, Pet shops, Corner shops, newsagents and post offices have been closed throughout the country and the failure in doing so could result in fines. The Prime Minister took the drastic decision to prevent the NHS being overwhelmed by patients suffering from coronavirus. Dozens of businesses were already closed before the announcement. All events have been cancelled out. The schools were already closed from Friday for an indefinite time period. These strict measures are only to slow down the unnecessary social contact as the number of deaths due to coronavirus is increasing. The Prime Minister said “The more effectively we follow the advice we are given, the faster this country will stage both a medical and an economic recovery in full”. He also said that the measures would be enforced strictly. According to the Chancellor, Rishi Sunak these measures will have a significant economic impact. But it is not all bad news, government has also taken massive steps to help businesses and employees in an attempt prevent economic destabilization Help for Employees Prior week, Chancellor Rishi Sunak made an announcement about how government will step in to help to pay people’s wages. He said that the government will cover 80% of the workers salaries for at least the next three months up to a maximum of £2500 a month per employee. This measure which government has introduced is Coronavirus Job Retention Scheme (CJRS). Employers will be given a grant to cover+the wages of people who are not working but are furloughed and kept on payroll, rather than losing their jobs. The Chancellor said that the measures would apply to all companies large or small. The extension of this scheme is based upon the circumstances and requirements. This scheme would be backdated to 1st of March. Help for Businesses The Chancellor has announced to defer VAT payments for businesses until the end of June. Business rates suspension for a year for retail businesses and pubs, cafes and restaurants In addition, £330 billion rescue package of loan guarantees has been announced to help U.K. businesses survive. Corona virus Business interruption loans (CBILS) have been introduced providing up to £5 million for SMEs with no interest due for 12 months, larger firms would be able to access a new lending facility to provide low-cost financing. CBILS is available through the British Business Bank’s 40+ accredited lenders, which are listed on the British Business Bank website In addition small firms in the retail, hospitality and leisure sectors will also be eligible for cash grants of up to £25,000 via a further funding of £20 billion Help for Self Employed He said the universal credit standard allowance for the next 12 months would increase by £1,000 a year, with the working tax credit basic element rising by the same amount as well. Sunak added that Britain would also suspend the minimum income floor for self-employed people affected by the economic impact of coronavirus, meaning that they could access universal credit at a rate equivalent to statutory sick pay for workers Self-Assessment Payments on Accounts due on 31st July have been deferred until 31st Jan 2021 Deferment of VAT payments for businesses until the end of June The government has also pledged to postpone its IR35 reforms to April 2021, to help freelancers during the Covid-19 crisis The government has been massively criticized for not giving sufficient support to the country’s 5 million self-employed freelance workers. An amendment added to the Coronavirus Bill proposes statutory self-employment pay which would cover the lower of £2,917 or 80 per cent of a self-employed person's monthly earnings, averaged over the last three years but this is just a proposal at this stage and has not been approved by the government Help with Mortgage and Rents The home owners have been given 3 month’s mortgage holiday and nearly £1 billion of support for renters has also been announced by increasing the generosity of housing benefit and universal credit so that the local housing allowance will cover at least 30% of market rents If you need advice or assistance with any of above then please feel to Get in touch with us.

Why Have the Schools Closed in UK? As the number of coronavirus patients is increasing day by day and also the number of deaths due to coronavirus is increasing, all the schools in UK are announced to be closed from Friday afternoon until further notice. This is to try to curb the spread of coronavirus. This measure was firstly taken in Wales, afterwards Scotland and then Northern Ireland, and now it’s declared by the Prime Minister that all the schools nationwide including nurseries and private schools will remain closed. The exams schedule has been changed and GCSE and A-level exams will not take place in May and June. The children of key workers such as emergency workers, NHS staff and delivery workers would be the exception and would still be looked after. The closure of schools has taken place to put some brakes on the system of transmission of coronavirus as the virus needs hosts for its spread. It is also to ensure thar NHS critical care may not reach critical capacity. Effects of school closure on small businesses and economy The closure of school will have far-reaching impacts on the economy. The small business owners will be hardest hit. For many working parents, the closure of schools and nurseries will mean huge issues. Some of them rather many of them will have to take time off work because of child care issues. Their leaves from work due to this reason will definitely affect business operations. Closure of schools and cancellation of public events would massively hit business world creating a bad story. That bad story translates into less economic activity across the board which will range from hiring to investment to the availability of capital. Initially lost wages due to being on leave for the parents who are taking care of their kids at home was a massive concern but the chancellor Rishi Sunak’s recent commitment of reimbursing 80% of furloughed workers wage costs up to £2,500 per month resolves this issue but at the same time there is fear of delays in these payments as HMRC systems are designed to take payments not make them. These extreme measures taken by government will ultimately contribute to the national debt. The businesses owners of private nurseries and day care centers would be affected adversely and in extreme circumstances could result in shut down of businesses until the situation gets favorable. In addition, businesses driven by students such as stationary items, uniforms, school transportation services and many more will also take a hit. With the closure of schools, the consumer demand for such products will reduce hence causing such businesses to go through contraction process which again in extreme circumstances might lead to shutdown of these businesses. Closure of the schools would overall be causing damage to the economy. This will reinforce collapse in the expanding state and may result in the recession. Coronavirus has caused much damage to the economy and is continuing to do so with every passing day. In uncertain times like this we must stand together and help one another hence Accounting Assist as always is here for you, please feel free to get in touch with us if you need financial advice, during this crucial time we are offering small businesses help with cash flow forecasting free of any charge and no current or future obligation so please feel free to get in touch should you need any help or advice.